(通訊員 施泓如)近日,我院動物繁殖研究團隊在國際期刊Advanced Science上發表了題為“Granulosacell-layer stiffening prevents escape of mural granulosa cells from the post-ovulatory follicle”的研究論文。該研究提出了“壁顆粒細胞層硬化(mGC-layer stiffening)”的新概念,并對其在排卵與黃體形成中的作用進行了深入研究。
卵泡是卵巢的功能單元,其本質是一個由壁顆粒細胞、卵丘細胞以及卵母細胞等細胞類型所構成的複合結構。排卵後,這些原本聚集在一起的細胞卻要經曆截然不同的命運。其中,卵丘細胞發生擴張,陪同卵母細胞一起離開破裂的卵泡,轉移至輸卵管中完成受精。與卵丘細胞不同,壁顆粒細胞則被繼續滞留在破裂的卵泡中,轉化為維持妊娠的黃體。
有趣的是,卵丘細胞和壁顆粒細胞在起源上是相同的,它們均是由腔前卵泡中共同前體細胞分化而來。那麼,為何卵丘細胞能在排卵後脫離破裂的卵泡,而擁有相同細胞起源的壁顆粒細胞卻不能呢?或者說,是什麼機制将壁顆粒細胞阻滞在破裂的卵泡中?目前為止,這個令人困惑的繁殖學問題尚無明确答案。
團隊以小鼠和山羊為研究對象,通過體内、外試驗證實壁顆粒細胞層在排卵階段會經曆一個被稱為“硬化(mGC-layer stiffening)”的過程。這個“硬化”所帶來的直接後果是讓整個壁顆粒細胞層發展成為一個擁有較強機械剛性的整體,從而得以在卵泡破裂時“卡”在卵泡殘腔中,無法從細小的排卵點逃離出來。相反,無論是利用基因沉默手段還是藥物阻斷“mGC-layer stiffening”,都會導緻大量壁顆粒細胞從破裂的卵泡中釋放出來,形成一個細胞稀少和空腔化的黃體。利用組學手段和驗證性實驗,團隊進一步證實排卵信号所促發的黏着斑組裝是導緻“mGC-layer stiffening”的直接原因,并闡明了cAMP-PKA-CREB是排卵信号促發黏着斑組裝和“mGC-layer stiffening”的關鍵信号級聯(圖1)。

排卵信号觸發的“mGC-layer stiffening”阻止壁顆粒細胞逃離破裂卵泡示意圖
同行評審就研究創新性給出了Top 5%的評價:“This manuscript investigates an issue that has rarely been considered in reproductivebiology ......,this is a highly novel, well-organized, and nicely supported study that would be of interest to a wide range of reproductive biologists...”.總的來說,這項研究提出了“mGC-layer stiffening”新概念,合理解釋了“壁顆粒細胞無法在排卵後逃離破裂卵泡”這一繁殖學現象。這是繼提出“壩-泵-管道”模型解釋卵泡期成因後(J Biol Chem., 2023),團隊在卵泡發育研究中取得的又一進展,豐富了繁殖調控理論體系。動物繁殖與特經系何長久為論文通訊作者,李翔副教授、中國農大劉國世教授和吳昊博士參與了研究。畢業碩士王曉東,在讀研究生廖建甯與施泓如為論文共同一作;研究生趙永恒與柯文凱也參與了試驗。該研究由中央高校基本科研資金、國自然基金、湖北省家畜種業創新項目資助。
英文摘要:Ovulation is vital for successful reproduction. Following ovulation, cumulus cells and oocyte are released, while mural granulosa cells (mGCs) remain sequestered within the post-ovulatory follicle to form the corpus luteum. However, the mechanism underlying the confinement of mGCs has been a longstanding mystery. Here, in vitro and in vivo evidence is provided demonstrating that the stiffening of mGC-layer serves as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that prevents mGCs from escaping the post-ovulatory follicles. The results from spatial transcriptome analysis and experiments reveal that focal adhesion assembly, triggered by the LH (hCG)-cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling cascade, is necessary for mGC-layer stiffening. Disrupting focal adhesion assembly through RNA interference results in stiffening failure, mGC escape, and the subsequent development of an abnormal corpus luteum characterized by decreased cell density or cavities. These findings introduce a novel concept of “mGC-layer stiffening”, shedding light on the mechanism that prevents mGC escape from the post-ovulatory follicle.
審核人:何長久
相關論文鍊接:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202403640
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925823020434?via%3Dihub